Saturday, September 25, 2010

Test 2 Questions Author: Andra House James

Test 2 Questions

 1.  In which of the following activities does desquamation of the stratum corneum occur?
            A 5 minute surgical scrub

 2.  What vitamin is synthesized in the skin? Vitamin D

 3.  Cerumen is thought to contain human pheromones and is thought to be a turn on for most people.             False...Cerumen is earwax.

 4.  Simple epithelium....What does simple mean?  Single layered

 5.  Stratified epithelium....What does stratified mean?  Multiple layered

 6.  What shape is squamous?  Polyhedral

 7.  What is keratin?  It's in the dead cells of the stratum corneum.  Tough and waterproof and makes up         the dead outermost layer of our skin(epidermis).            Cells are totally dead and cytoplasm is     totally replaced with keratin. 

 8.  Keratinization (the process of producing keratin) occurs in the dermis.  False...Epidermis

 9.  Keratinization results in the formation of a permeability barrier between the dermis and epidermis.        False (it's on the outside of the epidermis)

10. (Not sure if this is for keratin or epidermis) Produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion.....True(like     caluses)

11. Is this a function of the skin or not?
            -fat production....No
            -regulation of body pH....No
            -protection against ultra-violet radiation of the sun...Yes
            -Vitamin C production...No
            -Control of heat loss for the body...Yes
            -provides an entry way for micro-organisms...No
            -prevents excessive water loss from the body...Yes
           

12. Name the bone cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed.  Osteocytes

13. What type of bone cell produces new bone?  Osteoblasts

14. Which bone cell breaks down bone?  Osteoclasts

15. What is the name of the membrane that covers the surface of a mature bone?  peritosteum

16. What is the layer of epidermis that is only found in thick skin?  Stratum lucidum

17. Name the portion of hair follicle composed of smooth muscle which can cause goose bumps...Arrector           pili

18. What is the term used to describe, in an adult, what was the epiphyseal plate in a child?  Epiphyseal        line

19. A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in what part of the bone?  Diaphysis

20. Nails stop growing after death...True

21. What are the epidermal strata in the correct order?
            1. Stratum Basale -           Deepest, single layer w/stem cells, produce kerotinocytes, sweat                                                      glands, oil glands and hair follicles.

            2. Stratum Spinosum -      polyhedral w/cytoplasmic extentions that interdigitate.

            3. Stratum Granulosum -   flattened cells production keratohyalin

            4. Stratum Lucidum -        clear, flat, dead cells...only found in thick skin

            5. Stratum Corneum -      dead cells where cytoplasm is replaced with keratin and makes up                                                   barrier protection.

22. What are the zones of the Epiphyseal plate?

            1. Zone of Resting Cartilage
                                                 -CLOSEST TO THE EPIPHYSIS
                                                 -small, scattered chondrocytes that anchor the epiphyseal plate to the                                            epiphysis

            2. Zone of Proliferating Cartiliage
                                                 -Dividing chondrocytes, scattered and stacked and dividing
                                               
            3. Zone of Hypertrophic Cartilage
                                                 - Chondrocytes growing
                                                 -  "     "      "     stacked in columns for lengthwise growth

            4. Zone of Calcified Cartilage
                                                 -adjacent to the diaphysis where mineral salts deposited in cartilage                                                matrix equaling bone

23. In a developing fetus, what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones?  Hyaline cartilage

24. Is this a component of skin color or not...
            1.The quantity of melanin in the skin...Yes

            2. Genetics...Yes
           
            3. The blood circulating through the skin...Yes
           
           
25. What do we call the cord of connective tissue that attaches a bone to a bone?  ligament

26. Name the type muscle that is not consciencely controlled and has a banded appearance under the            microscope.  Cardiac(its' striated and involuntary)

27.  What type of bond marrow produces red blood cells?  Red blood marrow

28. A simple sunburn, characterized by pain, redness, and swelling, is an example of what kind of burn?                First degree

29. Bone loss always begins after age 30 in females...False

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